Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Dementia is a disease in which brain tissue degenerates. In Alzheimer's disease there is a devastating and progressive decline in mental function.
The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is as yet unknown but it is likely that there are several different factors contributing to its development. Aging is one important risk factor; the disease mostly affects people over the age of 65. A family history of Alzheimer's disease is another risk factor.
Symptoms
- Forgetfulness is often one of the earliest symptoms (Patients may forget dates, names of common objects and familiar people)
- Difficulty performing familiar tasks
- Difficulty with finding the right words to express themselves
- Difficulty understanding others
- Disorientation in time and place
- Poor or decreased judgment
- Wandering and getting lost
- Changes in mood and behaviour (They may become easily agitated or depressed)
- Changes in personality
Management
- The family doctor should be consulted for a full assessment and to confirm the diagnosis. Referral to a specialist may then be required.
- There are many ways to reduce the problematic nature of the symptoms. These including having a fixed routine daily, making the home and surroundings safe and familiar, and using memory aids like diaries and calendars.
- There are now drugs available to help delay or prevent symptoms from becoming worse for a limited period of time. This group of drugs helps improve the ability to think, understand, and remember. Another group of drugs is also sometimes used in Alzheimer's disease to help with behavioural problems associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as aggressiveness, agitation, depression, and anxiety. The doctor will help to decide if any of these drugs are suitable for the affected individual.
Support for the caregiver
Caring for a patient with dementia can be frustrating and stressful. It gets worse as the disease progresses. There are now support groups and organisations which can help caregivers.
For more information on Alzheimer's Disease and caregiver support, visit the Alzheimer's Disease Association website at www.alzheimers.org.sg.